Tekinologiya Omukulu

Ekyuma eky’okwawula empewo mu ngeri ya Cryogenic (O₂, N₂, Ar ne ggaasi ezitatera kulabika) .

Ekyuma eky’okwawula empewo (ASP) kyawula empewo y’omu bbanga mu bitundu byayo ebikulu, ebiseera ebisinga nayitrojeni ne okisigyeni, ate oluusi ne argon ne ggaasi endala ezitatera kutambula.

Enkola esinga okukozesebwa ey’okwawula empewo ye kusengejja empewo mu bbugumu erya wansi-. Enkola eno ekozesebwa okwawula okisigyeni, nayitrojeni, ne argon eby’obulongoofu obw’amaanyi-mu mu makolero agakwatagana. Era ensibuko zokka ezisobola okukolebwa eza ggaasi ezitatera kulabika, nga neon, krypton, ne xenon ziva mu kusengejja empewo nga tukozesa waakiri empagi bbiri ez’okufuumuula.

Ekyuma eky’okwawula empewo (ASP) kye kyuma ekisinga okukola obulungi era ekikuze mu by’okukola ggaasi z’amakolero, ekisobola okufulumya ggaasi z’amakolero nnyingi naddala ebyuma ebyawula empewo ez’amazzi, ezisobola okwanguyirwa okukozesebwa, okutambuza, n’okutereka.

Ensengeka y’ebintu bya ASP

Ebitonde Bya ASP

Mu bifo ebikola ammonia ow’obutonde, ggaasi wa haidrojeni omubisi akolebwa okuva mu CH4. H2 eyongera okwegatta ne N2 okukola NH3 (ammonia). Waliwo okutabula kwa ggaasi za CH4, H2, ne N2 mu nkola y’okufulumya. Tukozesa enkola y’okugaziya nayitrojeni okunyogoza okufuula CH4 amazzi n’okugyawula ku ggaasi ow’okusengejja. Tusobola n’okukozesa yuniti z’okusikiriza (pressure swing adsorption units) okwawula H2 ne N2. Basobole okuddamu okukola amazzi okuddamu okukola ammonia.

Omutendera gwa Psa/vpsa:

Ekyuma kya PSA/VPSA okusinga kirimu ebibya ebinyiga ebirimu ekintu ekinyiga, endongo ya ggaasi y’omukira, vvaalu ezirina payipu eziyunga, vvaalu ezifuga n’ebikozesebwa wamu n’enkola y’okufuga okufuga yuniti.

Emitendera gy’okutuukiriza PSA/VPSA:

1.PSA/VPSA OKUKOLA OXYGEN EBIKOLWA

Obunene bw’okugabira okusinga buzingiramu empewo compressor (blower), vacuum pump, absorber vessels, adsorbent material erongooseddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo, valves, control system, online oxygen product analyzer ate era oxygen compressor.

• Obulongoofu bwa oxygen mu bikozesebwa busobola okutuuka ku bitundu 94%.

VPSA ye nkola ya super large pressure adsorbing ne vacuum desorbing nga emigaso gy’okukozesa amaanyi amatono n’obulungi bwa molekyu sieve obw’amaanyi. Mu kiseera kino, omugatte gw’ensimbi eziteekeddwamu guli wansi nnyo okusinga PSA oba enkola endala. Olw’enkola yaayo eyesigika, y’enkola esinga era esoose-esinga okwettanirwa mu kiseera kino.

PSA/VPSA PLANT okukola oxygen

2.OKUKOLA NITROGEN EY’EBIMERE BYA PSA

Okwawukana kwa nayitrojeni ne okisigyeni okuva mu mpewo kukwata ekifo mu kibya ekinyiga ekijjudde ssefuliya ya molekyu ya kaboni. Kino kyesigamiziddwa ku nsonga y’okusaasaana okw’amangu okw’ekiddukano okwa molekyo za okisigyeni mu nsengekera y’obutuli (pore structure) y’ekisengejja molekyu za kaboni okusinga molekyo za nayitrojeni.

• Obulongoofu bwa nayitrojeni w’ebintu buyinza okuba 97-99.9999%.

Enkola y’okutambula kw’enkola y’okufulumya nayitrojeni eya PSA

3.PSA/VPSA OKUDDAMU N’OKUTWALA AMASIMU GW’EBIMERA

PSA/VPSA PLANT okuzzaawo haidrojeni n’okulongoosa

4.PSA/VPSA PLANT COAL GAS, OKUTWALA GASI Y’OBUTUNDU

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

Ebintu ebikozesebwa: Gaasi ow’obutonde, ggaasi wa oveni ya coke, methane ow’ekitanda ky’amanda, ggaasi wa shale, ggaasi wa methane, ggaasi w’amazzi, ggaasi w’ekikoomi ekinene, ggaasi w’amanda, amafuta ne ggaasi

• Obusobozi: 100 ~ 50,000 Nm3/h
• Puleesa: Puleesa eya bulijjo ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: H2 Obunene oba obwenkana 99.999 % (V) .
• Obuwanvu bw'omugugu: 10 ~ 120 % .

PSA/VPSA PLANT COAL GAS, OKUTWALA GASI Y’OBUTUNDU

5.(V)OKUGGYAWO CO2 mu PSA

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

Ebintu ebikozesebwa: Gaasi ekyusa, ggaasi y’okusengejja, kalisiyamu kaabuyidi, ggaasi efuluma mu kikoomi kya lime, ggaasi omubisi, ggaasi w’omukka, ggaasi w’omukira gwa alkali ogulimu CO2

• Obusobozi: 200 ~ 200,000 Nm3/h
• Puleesa: Puleesa eya bulijjo ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: CO2 Entono oba yenkana 0.1 % (V) .
• Obuwanvu bw'omugugu: 10 ~ 120 % .

OKUGGYAWO CO2 mu PSA

6.Okwawukana kwa MEMBRANE

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

• Ebintu ebikozesebwa: Okukala mu mpewo, okukola N2, okwawula H2 wamu ne ggaasi z’amakolero
• Obusobozi: 5 ~ 3,000 Nm3/h
• Puleesa: Puleesa eya bulijjo ~ 12.0 MpaG
• Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: okutuuka ku 99.999 % (V)

Okwawula Gaasi Nga Tukozesa Tekinologiya wa Membrane

Okusikiriza kw’ebbugumu erikyukakyuka ye tekinologiya ow’okwawula eyesigamiziddwa ku busobozi bw’okusikiriza obw’enjawulo obw’ebisikiriza ku bitundu bya ggaasi ku bbugumu ery’enjawulo. Omusingi omukulu kwe kukozesa ebisikiriza okunyiga ebitundu bya ggaasi ebigendererwa ku bbugumu eri wansi, n’okuvunda n’okunyiga ebitundu ebinywezeddwa okuyita mu kufumbisa oba ggaasi okuddamu okufuuwa ku bbugumu erya waggulu, bwe kityo ne kituuka ku kuzza obuggya n’okuddamu okukola ebisikiriza.

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

Enkola z’okukozesa: Okukala oba okulongoosa ggaasi ow’obutonde, ggaasi ow’obutonde, ggaasi wa nayitrojeni, n’empewo

• Obusobozi: 200 ~ 200,000 Nm3/h
• Puleesa: Puleesa eya bulijjo ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: Ensonga y’omusulo wansi nga -70℃, Ekirungo kya Sulphur Kitono oba kyenkana 0.01g/m3
• Obuwanvu bw'omugugu: 10 ~ 120 % .

H2 Generation unit (Ekisengejja amasannyalaze, Okuddaabiriza Methane mu mukka, Okukutula Methanol )

1.EKITONGOLE EKYOKUTEREEZA MU STEAM HYDROGEN (SMR) .

HYDROCARBON EY’ENJAWULO (NG n’ebirala) HYDROGEN EY’OKUTEREEZA OMUKKA (SMR) .

Steam Methane Reforming Hydrogen– 3D model & skid nga tebannaba kukola-okukola

2.OKUKOLA METHANOL OKUKOLA HYDROGEN

Enkola eno ekozesa methanol afunibwa mu ngeri ennyangu n’amazzi agataliimu munnyo ng’ebigimusa. Ku 220-280℃, zikyusibwa mu ngeri ya katalisiti ne zifuuka haidrojeni ne kaboni dayokisayidi omukulu ezirimu ggaasi y’okukyusa ku katalisi eyeetongodde. Omusingi guli bwe guti:

Enkola enkulu: CH3OH=CO+2H2 ;△H= +90.7 KJ/mol

CO+H2O=CO2+H2 ;△H=-41.2 KJ/mol

Okuddamu okutwalira awamu: CH3OH+H2O=CO2+3H2 ;△H=+49.5 KJ/mol

Ebizibu ebivaamu: 2CH3OH=CH3OCH3+H2O; △H= -24.9 KJ/mol

CO+3H2=CH4+H2O; △H= -206.3KJ/mol

Ebitonde bya ggaasi akyusiddwa ekolebwa ensengekera eyo waggulu oluvannyuma lw’okunyogoga n’okufuumuuka eri

H2 73~74%

CO2 23~24.5% .

CO ~1.0% .

CH3OH 300ppm

Okujjula kwa H2O

Omukka ogukyusiddwa gusobola bulungi okwawulwamu ne guggyibwa mu haidrojeni omulongoofu nga tukozesa tekinologiya nga pressure swing adsorption.

Tekinologiya ono ow’enkola akuze, mwangu okukola, anywevu mu kukola, era temuli bucaafu-.

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

Ebintu ebikozesebwa: Gaasi ow’obutonde, naphtha, LPG, ggaasi omukalu mu kifo ekirongoosa ebirimu emmere ya hydrocarbon

• Obusobozi: 20 ~ 10,000 Nm3/h
• Puleesa: 0.5 ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: H2 okutuuka ku 99.999% (V)

Ebifaananyi bya tekinologiya w’enkola:

1. Omukka gwa methanol gwatika ne gukyusibwa mu mutendera gumu ku kirungo ekiziyiza (catalyst) ekyetongodde.

2. Nga tukozesa enkola ya puleesa, ggaasi akyusiddwa akolebwa tekyetaagisa kuyongera puleesa era asobola okusindikibwa butereevu ku kyuma eky’okwawula okusikiriza puleesa, ekikendeeza ku nkozesa y’amasoboza.

3. Bw’ogeraageranya n’okusengejja amasannyalaze, enkozesa y’amasannyalaze ekendedde ebitundu ebisukka mu 90%, ssente ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kukola zisobola okukendeezebwako ebitundu 40-50%, ate obulongoofu bwa haidrojeni buli waggulu. Bw’ogeraageranya n’okufuula amanda ggaasi, ekyuma kino eky’enkola kyangu, kyangu okukozesa era kinywevu. Wadde ng’okufuula amanda ggaasi kulina ssente entono ezisaasaanyizibwa ku bikozesebwa ebisookerwako, kulina enkola empanvu, okuteeka ssente ennyingi, obucaafu bungi, n’obucaafu, nga kyetaagisa okuggyamu ekibiriiti n’okulongoosa, ekitasaanira bifo bitono n’ebya wakati.

4. Ebiziyiza eby’enjawulo birina engeri z’emirimu mingi, okulonda okulungi, ebbugumu eritono erikola, n’obulamu obuwanvu obw’okuweereza.

5. Okukozesa woyiro ow’ebbugumu ng’ekintu ekitambuza ebbugumu ekitambula kituukiriza ebyetaago by’enkola, nga waliwo ssente entono eziteekebwamu, okukozesa amaanyi matono, n’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’emirimu.

3.OKUKOLA AMASANNYALAZE g’AMAZZI H2 GENERATION

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

Puleesa: Etuuka ku 3.0 MpaG nga tewali kompyuta

Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: H2 okutuuka ku 99.99% (V)

Amasannyalaze ga DC agagereddwa: Matono oba genkana 4.8 kWh/Nm3 H2

Okusasika kw’amasannyalaze mu mazzi H2 Generation

4.PARTIAL OXIDATION H2 GENERATION

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

• Ebintu ebikozesebwa: Gaasi ow’obutonde, Naphtha; Amafuta g’amafuta,Ebisigadde mu vacuum, Petroleum coke, Amanda.
• Obusobozi: Nm 4,000-95,000³/h
• Puleesa: 2.0 - 8.7 MPa(G) .
• Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: H₂+CO≈34% - 42%(V)(Singa okozesa O omulongoofu₂nga ggaasi w’emmere, H₂+CO≈90% - 98%)

Omusingi gw’enkola:

Ebigimusa n’empewo ebifumbiddwa nga tebinnabaawo bisindikibwa mu kifo ekikola ggaasi. Era ensengekera z’obuziba (partial oxidation reactions) zibaawo ku bbugumu erya waggulu (nga diguli 1300 - 1500 diguli C) ne puleesa enkulu (3-8 MPa), ekivaamu okwokya okutali kujjuvu kwa haidrokaboni ne okisigyeni mu mbeera y’obutaweebwa okisigyeni emala

Enkola enkulu: CnHm + (n/2) O2 → nCO + (m/2) H2

Ebirungi ebiri mu by’ekikugu:

1. Kisobola okulongoosa ebigimusa ebitonotono nga ggaasi ow’obutonde n’amafuta amatono, wamu n’ebintu ebizito ebitali bya bbeeyi nga amafuta amazito, ebisigadde mu vacuum, petroleum coke, n’amanda.

2. Enzirukanya yennyini efulumya bbugumu era tekyetaagisa bbugumu lya bweru, ekivaamu okukozesa obulungi amaanyi amangi.

3.The generated synthesis gas tekozesebwa kukola hydrogen yokka, naye era esaanira nnyo nga raw material gas for chemical processes nga ammonia synthesis, methanol synthesis, oba Fischer Tropsch synthesis.

Gaasi ekwatagana mu bifo by’amafuta kitegeeza ggaasi ow’obutonde asaanuuse mu bifo ebizito mu nkola y’okuggya amafuta, eyeetaaga okulongoosebwa oluvannyuma lw’okukolebwa ku mutwe gw’oluzzi. Gaasi ezikwatagana n’amafuta agatali malongooseemu biggyibwa wamu era byetaaga okulongoosa mu lunyiriri nga tebinnaba kukozesebwa.

Enkola eno okusinga erimu

Mu bufunze, ggaasi ekwatagana n’ekifo ky’amafuta, ng’ekintu eky’okwongerako okuva mu kukola amafuta, yeetaaga okuyita mu nkola eziwera nga tannakozesebwa. Okuyita mu kukendeeza amazzi n’okuggyamu ekibiriiti, okussa puleesa, okufuula amazzi, okulongoosa payipu, n’okukozesa tekinologiya, ggaasi akwatagana n’ekifo ky’amafuta asobola okukozesebwa ennyo ate nga akendeeza ku bucaafu bw’obutonde.

Ebipimo by’ebyekikugu:

• Obusobozi: 200 ~ 200,000 Nm3/h
• Puleesa: Puleesa eya bulijjo ~ 3.0 MpaG
• Obulongoofu bw’ebintu: Ensonga y’omusulo wansi nga -70℃, Ekirungo kya Sulphur Kitono oba kyenkana 0.01g/m3
• Obuwanvu bw'omugugu: 10 ~ 120 % .

ENKOZESA Y’OKUKOLA GASI Y’OBUTUNDU

Enteekateeka y’emikutu eminene

Ebikozesebwa mu munaala n’ebintu eby’omunda

Compressors ezikyukakyuka

Ebisikiriza n’ebiziyiza (catalysts).

Valiva ezifuga ezisobola okuteekebwa mu pulogulaamu

Ebika byonna ebya ttanka za ggaasi, amazzi & cryogenic amazzi

Amakolero g’amafuta & ggaasi

Okukola kontulakiti za yinginiya w’amafuta ne ggaasi zitera okwettanira enkola ya EPC (Engineering General Contracting), nga omukozi avunaanyizibwa ku dizayini, okugula, okuzimba, n’okutandika pulojekiti okutuusa lw’etuusibwa eri nnannyini yo. Mu ngeri eno, abakola kontulakiti beetaaga okumaliriza enkola yonna okuva ku dizayini okutuuka ku nkola okulaba ng’eteekebwa mu nkola bulungi. Okugatta ku ekyo, waliwo enkola za Design Procurement Construction (PC) ne Design Procurement (EP), ezisunsulwa okusinziira ku byetaago ebitongole n’engeri za pulojekiti.

Ebifo ebikola eddagala n’eddagala eddungi

Kkampuni eno yeenyigira mu bintu eby’enjawulo mu by’eddagala n’eddagala eddungi mu by’okukola endagaano za yinginiya, omuli tekinologiya w’okufulumya n’okukozesa ammonia, methanol, urea, lime nitrogen, thiourea, ne carbon black.

Ebifo ebirongoosa amazzi

Yinginiya w’okulongoosa amazzi kitundu kikulu nnyo mu kulongoosa amazzi amakyafu mu makolero, era ekigendererwa kyayo ekikulu kwe kutuuka ku kulongoosa amazzi amakyafu mu buziba nga tuyita mu ngeri za tekinologiya ez’enjawulo okusobola okutuukiriza omutindo gw’okufulumya oba ebyetaago by’okuddamu okukozesa. Mu nkola entuufu, enkola eza bulijjo ez’okulongoosa mulimu okugaba ddoozi, okukyusa ozone, okutabula, okusikiriza, n’ebirala, ebitera okugattibwa okusinziira ku buzibu bw’obutonde bw’amazzi n’engeri y’obucaafu.